Empirical studies derive insights from real-world data reflecting interactions between users and recommenders, providing broad generalizations but often facing limitations due to data accessibility and contextual nature. Simulation studies generate synthetic data through models, allowing for reproducibility and controlled experimentation, but may not always reflect real-world complexities.
The four primary human-AI ecosystems studied are social media, online retail, urban mapping, and generative AI. These ecosystems are analyzed to understand the impact of AI-based recommenders on human behavior and the complex interactions between users and AI systems.
The study found that YouTube's recommendation algorithm tends to favor videos evoking positive emotions and encourages higher user engagement. It also discovered that the algorithm recommends videos that are increasingly different from the original seed videos, resulting in a gradual shift in content. This pattern poses the risk of occluding content related to vulnerable communities and crisis-torn societies.